SUBJECT: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
|
S.no |
Topic |
Domain |
Hours |
|
1 |
Nucleic acids and genome structure
DNA as the carrier of genetic information, key experiments establishing-The Central Dogma, DNA Double helix, Genetic code, Direction of Protein Synthesis, Genomics. DNA Structure: Miescher to Watson and Crick- historic perspective, DNA structure, salient features of double helix, Types of DNA, Types of genetic material, denaturation and renaturation, cot curves. topoisomerases; Organization of DNA Prokaryotes, Viruses, Eukaryotes. RNA Structure, Organelle DNA – mitochondria and chloroplast DNA. |
Must know |
12 |
|
DNA topology – linking number, Genome Sequence and Chromosome Diversity, Chromosome Duplication and Segregation, The Nucleosome, |
Desirable to know |
4 |
|
| Chromatin structure- Euchromatin, Heterochromatin |
Nice to know |
4 |
|
|
2 |
DNA replication and repair
Chemistry of DNA synthesis, general principles – bidirectional replication, Semiconservative, Semi discontinuous, , Various models of DNA replication including rolling circle, Enzyme involved in DNA replication – DNA polymerases, DNA ligase, Primase, DNA Damage and their repair. |
Must know |
10 |
| RNA priming, DNA replication- D-loop (mitochondrial), Ө (theta) mode of replication, replication of linear ds-DNA, replicating the 5’end of linear chromosome. |
Desirable to know |
7 |
|
| Telomerase and other accessory proteins. Replication Errors |
Nice to know |
2 |
|
|
3 |
Transcription and Translation Mechanism of Transcription (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes ) – RNA Polymerase and the transcription unit, Translation (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes) Assembly line of polypeptide synthesis – ribosome structure and assembly, various steps in protein synthesis. |
Must know |
12 |
| Charging of tRNA, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. Proteins involved in initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptides. |
Desirable to know |
6 |
|
| Inhibitors of protein synthesis. |
Nice to know |
4 |
|
|
4 |
Regulation of transcription and translation
Transcription Regulation in Prokaryotes: Principles of transcriptional regulation, regulation at initiation with examples from lac and trp operons. Eukaryotes: Conserved mechanism of regulation, Eukaryotic activators, Signal integration, combinatorial control, transcriptional repressors, signal transduction and control of transcriptional regulator, Gene Silencing
|
Must know |
12 |
| Regulation of translation: translation-dependent regulation of mRNA and Protein Stability.
|
Desirable to know |
5 |
|
| Regulatory RNAs:Riboswitches, RNA interference, miRNA, siRNA, Regulatory RNA and X inactivation |
Nice to know |
3 |
|
|
5 |
PRACTICAL
Demonstration of antibiotic resistance. (Culture of E.coli containing plasmid (pUC 18/19) in LB medium with/without antibiotic pressure and interpretation of results). Preparation of culture medium (LB) for E.coli (both solid and liquid) and raise culture of E.coli.
Isolation of microbes (bacteria & fungi) from soil (28.C & 45.C ) Genomic DNA isolation from E.coli (without plasmid). Restriction enzyme digestion of genomic DNA from E.coli.
Estimation of size of a DNA fragment after electrophoresis using DNA markers. |
Must know |
35 |
| Separation of nucleic acid bases by paper chromatography.
Analysis of soil – pH, moisture content, water holding capacity, percolation, capillary action Isolation of plasmid DNA and genomic DNA together from E.coli. and restriction enzyme digestion. Restriction enzyme digestion (EcoRI) of genomic and plasmid DNA.
|
Desirable to know |
20 |
|
| Construction of Restriction digestion maps from data provided.
Demonstration of DNA fingerprinting |
Nice to know |
5 |
Suggested readings:
- Karp, G. (2010). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. VI Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
- De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. (2006). Cell and Molecular Biology.VIII Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
- Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009). The World of the Cell. VII Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.
- Watson, J. D., Baker T.A., Bell, S. P., Gann, A., Levine, M., and Losick, R., (2008) Molecular Biology of the Gene (VI Edition.). Cold Spring Harbour Lab. Press,
Pearson Pub.