1st Year
PHYSIOLOGY
Theory : 80 hrs
Practical : 60hrs.
THEORY
S.No. | Contents | Learning objectives (At the end of session the student should be able to |
Teaching Guidelines (To cover |
Methodology | Time |
1 | Composition and function of blood |
|
Red blood cells––Erythropoiesis, stages of differentiation function, count, physiological variations
Hemoglobin–structure, functions, concentration, physiological variation Methods of estimation of Hb White blood cells– Production, function, life span, count, differential count Platelets– Origin, normal count, morphology functions. Plasma Proteins– Production,concentration, types, Albumin,Globulin,Fibrinogen, Prothrombinfunctions Blood groups– ABO system, Rh system |
Didactic lecture and Power point presentation, with case study examples
|
10 |
2 | Cardiovascular system |
|
Heart –Physiological anatomy, Nerve supply PropertiesofCardiacmuscle, Cardiac cycle-systole, diastoleIntraventricularpressure curves Cardiac Output– Heart sounds- Normalheart sounds, cause characteristicsandsignification, Heartrate, areasofauscultation. Blood Pressure– Definition,normalvalue,clinicalmeasurement of bloodpressure. Physiological variations,regulationofheartrate,cardiac shock,hypotension,hypertension. Pulse–radial pulse, tripleresponse Electrocardiogram(ECG)–significance. |
8 |
3 | Digestive System |
|
Physiological anatomyof Gastrointestinaltract, Functionsofdigestive system Salivaryglands-Structure andfunctionsDeglutition–stagesandregulation Stomach– structure andfunctions Gastric secretion–Composition, function, regulation of gastric juice secretion Pancreas –structure,function,composition,regulationofpancreatic juice Liver–functionsofliver Bile secretion,composition,function,regulationofbile secretion Bilirubinmetabolism- types ofbilirubin, Vandenbergreaction, Jaundice-types, significance. Intestine –smallintestine andlarge intestine Smallintestine –functions- digestive,absorption, movements. Largeintestine – functions, digestionandabsorptionofCarbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Lipids Defecation |
8 |
4 | Respiratory system |
|
Functionsof Respiratorysystem, PhysiologicalAnatomyofRespiratorysystem, Mechanismofnormalandrigorousrespiration Forcesopposingandfavoringexpansionof thelungs Intra pulmonarypleural pressure, surfacetension,recoiltendencyofthe wall. TransportationofRespiratorygases: TransportationofOxygen& Carbon dioxide. Lungvolumesandcapacities Regulationofrespiration,MechanismsofRegulation-nervousand chemicalregulation HearingBreuer, Reflexes. AppliedPhysiologyandRespiration: Hypoxia,Cyanosis, Asphyxia,Dyspnea,Dysbarism, ArtificialRespiration, Apnea. |
Use of slides,Use of motion pictures, educational films, videotapes |
8 |
5 | Endocrine System |
|
Definition, Classification ofEndocrine glands&theirHormones Thyroidglandhormone– Physiological, Anatomy,Hormone secreted, Physiologicalfunction, regulationofsecretion Disorders–hypoandhypersecretionofhormone Adrenal gland,Adrenal cortexphysiologic anatomy ofadrenal gland, Adrenalcortex, cortical hormones–functionsandregulation Adrenalmedulla– Hormones,regulationandsecretion. FunctionsofAdrenalineandnor adrenaline Pituitaryhormones– Anteriorandposteriorpituitaryhormones,secretion, function Pancreas– Hormonesofpancreas Insulin–secretion,regulation, function andaction Diabetesmellitus–Regulationofbloodglucoselevel Parathyroidgland–function,action, regulation of secretionofparathyroidhormone Calcitonin–functionandaction Calcium Homeostasis |
Didactic lecture and Power point presentation, with case study examples
|
10 |
6 | Special senses |
|
Vision– structure ofeye. Functionofdifferent parts. Structure ofretina Hearing-structure andfunctionof ear,mechanism ofhearing Taste–Tastebudsfunctions. Smell physiology, Receptors. |
Didactic lecture and Power point presentation, with case study examples
|
4 |
7 | Nervous system |
|
Functionsof Nervoussystem,Neuron structure,classificationandproperties Neuroglia, Nerve fiber,classification, conduction ofimpulsescontinuousandsalutatory Velocityof impulse transmissionandfactorsaffecting Synapse –structure,types,properties Receptors– Definition,classification, properties Reflexaction–unconditionedpropertiesof reflexaction, Babinski’ssign Spinal cordnervetracts-Ascendingtracts,descendingtracts–pyramidaltracts–Extrapyramidal tracts FunctionsofMedulla,pons,hypothalamic disorders Cerebralcortexlobesandfunctions, Sensorycortex,Motorcortex,Cerebellum functionsofCerebellum Basal ganglia-functions EEG Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF):formation,circulation,properties,compositionandfunctions lumbarpuncture. Autonomic NervousSystem:Sympathetic andparasympatheticdistributionandfunctionsand comparisonoffunctions.
|
Didactic lecture and Power point presentation, with case study examples
|
10 |
8 | Excretory System |
|
Excretoryorgans Kidneys:Functionsofkidneysstructuralandfunctionalunitnephron,vasarecta,cortical and juxta-medullarynephrons–Comparison, Juxta Glomerular Apparatus–Structure andfunction Renalcirculationpeculiarities MechanismofUrine formation:Ultrafiltrationcriteria forfiltrationGFR, Plasma fraction, EFP,factorseffectingEFR. DeterminationofGFR selectivereabsorption–sitesof reabsorption, substance reabsorbedmechanismsofreabsorptionGlucose,and urea. H+Claminoacidsetc. TMG,Tubularload,renalthreshold%ofreabsorptionofdifferent substances, selective secretion Propertiesandcompositionofnormalurine,urineoutput Counter– Current Mechanisms:Micturition,InnervationofBladder,Cystourethrogram. Diuretics:Water, Diuretics,osmotic diuretics, artificial kidney,renalfunctiontests–plasma clearance Actionsof ADH,Aldosterone and PTHonkidneys Renalfunctiontests |
Didactic lecture and Power point presentation, with case study examples
|
10 |
9 | Reproductive system |
Define terms common to the discussion of patients with disorders in repro system (RS) Describe the normal structure and physiology of RS Describe disorders of male and female RS in early and late life |
FunctionofReproductive system,Puberty,male reproductive system. Functionsoftestes, spermatogenesis site,stages,and factorsinfluencingsemen. Endocrine functionsoftestes Androgens–Testosterone structureandfunctions. Femalereproductive system: Ovulation, menstrualcycle Physiological changesduringpregnancy,pregnancytest Lactation:Compositionofmilkfactorscontrollinglactation |
6 | |
10 | Muscle nervephysiology | To provide knowledge and understanding musclenervephysiology
|
Classificationofmuscle,structure ofskeletal muscle, Sarcomere contractile proteins, neuromuscularjunction Transmissionacross, neuromuscularjunction Excitation contractioncoupling Mechanism ofmusclecontraction,muscle tone,fatigue: Rigormortis |
Didactic lecture and Power point presentation, with case study examples
|
3 |
11 | Skin-structure andfunction |
|
Bodytemperaturemeasurement, Physiologicalvariation, Regulationofbody temperature by physicalchemical andnervousmechanisms RoleofHypothalamus,Hypothermiaandfever |
Didactic lecture and Power point presentation, with case study examples |
4 |
PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS
- Haemoglobinometry
- White Blood Cell count
- Red Blood Cell count
- Determination of Blood Groups
- Leishman’s staining and Differential WBC count
- Determination of packed cell Volume
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]
- Calculation of Blood indices
- Determination of Clotting Time, Bleeding Time
- Blood pressure recording
- Auscultation for Heart Sounds
- Artificial Respiration
- Determination of vital capacity