BIOCHEMISTRY 1st YEAR curriculum
Sl. No | Contents of the Topics | Learning Objectives (At the end of the training the student must be able to) | Teaching Guidelines | Methodology | Time (Hours) |
1 | Specimen Collection | Perform different types of specimen collection, use of proper anticoagulants & preservatives | • Types of Specimens.
• Method of specimen collection (Blood, Plasma, Serum, Urine and other body fluids) • Pre-analytical & analytical variables • Use of preservatives in specimen collection • Use of proper Anticoagulants in specimen collection |
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial |
10 |
2 | Introduction to Laboratory Apparatus:
Overview of the functioning of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory.
Introduction to glass wares:
|
Enumerate the maintenance and care of different Laboratory Glass wares. | • Pipettes and their calibration (different types of pipettes viz. graduated, volumetric and automated pipettes).
• Burettes and Beakers. • Flasks and their applications (volumetric, conical and round bottomed). • Reagent Bottles (graduated , common, Wash bottles and specimen bottles). • Funnels and their uses. • Measuring cylinders. • Test tubes and eppendorf tubes. • Test tube draining rack, bottle racks, Pipette stands, tripod stand, wire gauze and Bunsen burner. • Cuvettes and their application in Colorimetry and Spectrdophotometry. • Bottle Dispensers and their Maintenance. • Maintenance, Care and cleaning of laboratory glassware. |
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial | 15 |
3 | Introduction to the Laboratory Instruments and their use, care and maintenance:
|
Explain the uses, care & maintenance of different Laboratory Instruments | • Waterbath
• Oven • Incubators • Water Distillation Plant and Deionizers • Refrigerators • Centrifuges • Laboratory Balance • Electrical Balances • Colorimeter • Spectrophotometer • pH Meter, its calibration & uses. |
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial |
15 |
4 | Conventional and SI units used in the Laboratory | Understand the use of Conventional & SI units used in the laboratory | • Molecular and equivalent weight
• Normality, molality, molarity • Concentrations of solutions by w/w, w/v, v/v etc. • Molar solutions and Percent solutions. |
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial | 5 |
5 | Dilutions of Solutions or Samples: | Perform serial dilutions, preparation of different types of solution | • Serial dilutions of samples.
• Proper method of dilution of a solution or a laboratory sample. • Preparation of standard solutions. • Significance of volumetric flask in preparing standard solutions. • Preparation of a stock standard and working standard. • Saturated and supersaturated solutions. |
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial |
20 |
6 | Basic concept of Acids, Bases, Salts and Indicators | Reproduce the concept of mechanisms of acid, base, buffers and their functions in the human body | • Acid, base, salts and buffers
• Indicators and their Functions • Buffers of the body |
Lecture, Demontration, Tutorial |
5
|
MICROBIOLOGY 1st YEAR CURRICULUM
Sl. No | Contents of the Topics | Learning Objectives
(At the end of the training the student must be able to) |
Teaching Guidelines | Methodology | Time
(Total-70 hrs) |
1 | General Microbiology
Microscopy Light microscope, Dark field, Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescent & Electron microscopy |
Demonstrate the Structure and principle of: Light microscope, Dark field, Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescent & Electron microscopy
|
The topic should cover Structure and principle of: Light microscope, Dark field, Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescent & Electron microscopy
|
Demonstrating compound microscopes and didactic | 4
|
2 | Sterilization and Disinfection
Physical Methods of Sterilization Chemical Methods of Sterilization Methods of Disinfection
|
Enumerate – Physical Methods of Sterilization:. – Chemical Methods of Sterilization:
Structure and working principle of basic instruments used in sterilization: Hot air oven, Autoclave.
|
The topic should cover Physical Methods of Sterilization: Dry heat, Moist heat, inspissations, tindalization, pasteurization, filtration and radiation. Chemical Methods of Sterilization: Alcohols (ethyl, isopropyl, tricholorobutanol); aldehydes (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde); dyes; halogens; phenols; surface active agents; metallic salts; gases (ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, betapropiolactone). Structure and working principle of basic instruments used in sterilization: Hot air oven, Autoclave. | Didactic and demonstration of instruments
|
2 |
3 | Growth, Nutrition & Metabolism of Bacteria
|
Enumerate classification of nutritional types of bacteria (phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs and obligate parasites).
Physical conditions necessary for microbial growth (temperature, pH, gaseous requirements (aerobic and anaerobic growth and culture technique); growth, bacterial growth curve (lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, decline phase) |
The topic should cover nutritional types of bacteria (phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs and obligate parasites).
Physical conditions necessary for microbial growth (temperature, pH, gaseous requirements (aerobic and anaerobic growth and culture technique); growth, bacterial growth curve (lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, decline phase)
|
Didactic and power point presentations | 3 |
4 | · Bacterial genetics
|
Reproduce what is central dogma, transmission of genetic material (transformation, transduction, conjugation) | The topic should cover central dogma; transmission of genetic material
(transformation, transduction, conjugation) |
Didactic and video
|
5 |
5 | Bacterial Culture and Identification
(a) Culture Media & Transport Media
(b)Sample collection and transport Methods
(c)Aerobic Bacterial Culture Techniques
(d)Anaerobic Bacterial Culture Techniques
(e)Smear preparation & Staining methods
(f)Principle and techniques of biochemical Test |
Explain different types of media: Culture Media (simple, complex, synthetic, enriched, selective, differential, indicator, Transport Media, anaerobic media)
Perform how to do Sample collection and transport Methods of blood, sputum, urine, feces, and swabs-nasopharengeal, rectal and wound
PerformStreak culture (surface plating), Lawn or carpet culture, Stroke culture, Stab culture, Pour Plate culture
ElaborateAnaerobic Bacterial Culture Techniques.
Perform Smear preparation, Gram staining, Z N staining
Perform techniques of biochemical Test which includes Catalase, Coagulase, Oxidase, Indole, MR, VP, Urease, Citrate, Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Sugar Fermentation Tests). |
(a) The topic should cover different types of media: Culture Media (simple, complex, synthetic, enriched, selective, differential, indicator, Transport Media, anaerobic media)
(b) The topic should cover demonstration of Sample collection and transport Methods of blood, sputum, urine, feces, and swabs-nasopharengeal, rectal and wound
(c) The topic should coverStreak culture (surface plating), Lawn or carpet culture, Stroke culture, Stab culture, Pour Plate culture
(d) The topic should cover Anaerobic Bacterial Culture Techniques by Production of a vacuum. Displacement of oxygen. By displacement and combustion of oxygen. Absorption of oxygen by chemical or Biological Methods. By reducing agents. Anaerobic chamber (e) The topic should cover Principle Procedure and Interpretation of Gram staining, Z N staining (f) The topic should cover techniques of biochemical Test which includes Catalase, Coagulase, Oxidase, Indole, MR, VP, Urease, Citrate, Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Sugar Fermentation Tests). |
Didactic, video and practical demonstration. Students seminars and practical demonstration
|
8 |
6 | Morphology, Classification & infection caused by Microorganisms (in brief)
Bacteria Morphology, Classification Human infection caused by bacteria |
Explain-Morphology of bacteria: Fine structure of bacteria: Size, shapes and arrangement of bacterial cells;
Human infection caused by bacteria: tuberculosis, tetanus |
The topic should cover-Morphology of bacteria: Fine structure of bacteria: Size, shapes and arrangement of bacterial cells; Human infection caused by bacteria: tuberculosis, tetanus |
Didactic, video and presentation | 4 |
7 | Viruses
Morphology, Classification
Human infection caused by Viruses
|
Elaborate classification of virus based on nucleic material- RNA and DNA viruses. General structure and characteristics of viruses.
Human infection caused by Viruses: AIDS and hepatitis B |
The topic should cover Classification of virus based on nucleic material- RNA and DNA viruses. General structure and characteristics of viruses.
Human infection caused by Viruses: AIDS and hepatitis B |
Didactic, video and presentation, group discussion
|
4 |
8 | Fungi
Morphology, Classification
Human infection caused by Fungi
|
Classify fungi based on reproduction and hyphal structure.
Morphology: general structure of common fungus- Aspergillus, Penicillium. Human infection caused by Fungi: Superficial Mycoses: Dermatophytes,
Candidiasis. |
The topic should cover classification of fungi based on reproduction and hyphal structure. Morphology: general structure of common fungus- Aspergillus, Penicillium.
Human infection caused by Fungi: Superficial Mycoses: Dermatophytes, Candidiasis. |
Didactic, video and presentation and practical demonstration
|
4 |
9 | Parasites
Morphology, Classification
Human infection caused by Parasite |
Reproduce outline of primary subdivision- mastigophora, rhizopoda, sporozoa, ciliates and their general structural characteristics
Human infection caused by Parasite: Entamoeba and Giardia |
The topic should cover primary subdivision- mastigophora, rhizopoda, sporozoa, ciliates and their general structural characteristics
Human infection caused by Parasite: Entamoeba and Giardia |
Didactic, video and presentation and practical demonstration, group discussion | 4 |
10 | Immunology
Immunity
Antigen & Antibody Antigen antibody reactions I
Precipitation Agglutination
Antigen antibody reactions II.
Complement fixation, Neutralization, ELISA, RIA, IF |
Demonstrate difference between Innate immunity And Acquired immunity (adaptive immunity) Active and passive immunity Antigen & Antibody-General Structure and types Antigen antibody reactions I
Precipitation, Agglutination Antigen antibody reactions II
Complement fixation, Neutralization, ELISA, RIA, IF |
To cover Innate immunity And Acquired immunity (adaptive immunity) Active and passive immunity Antigen & Antibody-General Structure and types Antigen antibody reactions I Precipitation, Agglutination Antigen antibody reactions II Complement fixation, Neutralization, ELISA, RIA, IF |
Didactic, video and presentation
|
15 |
11 | Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing
Antimicrobials and their mode of action
Mechanisms of drug resistance Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (a)Diffusion Methods Dilution Methods |
Perform Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing They should be able to explain Antimicrobials and their mode of action
Mechanisms of drug resistance Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Diffusion Methods Dilution Methods |
The topic should cover Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing
They should be able to explain Antimicrobials and their mode of action Mechanisms of drug resistance Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Diffusion Methods Dilution Methods |
Didactic, video and presentation and practical demonstration
|
7 |
12 | Systemic Bacteriology
Morphology, culture characteristic, identification, diseases caused and laboratory diagnosis of following bacteria. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumonae Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Mycobacteria, Bacillus, Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Vibrio, Pseudomonas Spirochetes |
Reproduce Morphology, culture characteristic, identification, diseases caused and laboratory diagnosis of following bacteria.
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumonae Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Mycobacteria, Bacillus, Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Vibrio, Pseudomonas Spirochetes |
The topic should cover Morphology, culture characteristic, identification, diseases caused and laboratory diagnosis of following bacteria.
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumonae Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Mycobacteria, Bacillus, Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Vibrio, Pseudomonas Spirochetes |
Didactic, video and presentation |
10 |
PATHOLOGY 1st YEAR CURRICULUM
Sl. No | Contents of the Topics | Learning Objectives
(At the end of this teaching the students should be able to) |
Teaching Guidelines | Methodology | Time |
Basic Pathology:
Pathology & its branches Normal cell and its functions Various types of microscope & light microscope in details. |
Elaborate about pathology & it’s branches and demonstrate the, normal Structure and principle of :Light microscope, Dark field, Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescent & Electron microscopy and cell morphology with their functions
|
The topic should cover Structure and principle of: Light microscope, Dark field, Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescent & Electron microscopy
Branches of pathology including haematology, cytology, histopathology, blood banking, immunology |
Didactic Group discussion
Seminar |
05hr |
|
Haematology
Introduction to haematology and laboratory Organization.
Formation of Blood
Composition and functions of blood
Various anticoagulants, their uses, mode of action and their merits & demerits.
Collection & preservation of blood for various hematological investigations.
Normal haematological indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, PCV) Normal and absolute values in haematology. Quality assurance in hematology. Various methods of estimation of Hb involved and standardization of instrument.
Haemocytometery:- Procedure of cell count, visual as well as electronic red cell, Leukocytes and platelet count.
Romanowsky dyes, preparation and staining procedure of blood smears. Morphology of normal blood cells and their identification. ESR & Factors influencing ESR and various procedures for its estimation. |
Elaborate about haematology laboratory & it’s management and demonstrate blood formation, blood components and their uses, use of Various anticoagulants, their uses, mode of action and their merits & demerits.
They also able to demonstrate the sample collection & preservation of blood for various haematological investigations in refrigerators. They will able to describe normal and absolute values of haematology investigations.
They able to know quality assurance in haematology, They will demonstrate methods, their principle & know the factors which affects of Hb estimation, Haemocytometer, Romanowsky dyes & ESR |
The topic should cover all haematological investigation CBC, DLC, red cell’s indices, ESR. Blood components- whole blood, FFP, PCV, PRP, SDP.
Various anticoagulants-EDTA, Trisodiumcitrate,Heparin, double oxalate, sodium fluoride.
Quality assurance includes data managements, record checking, to examine the results of quality controls. Method of Hb estimation –Sahli, Cynometh-haemoglobine, oxyhaemoglobine and standarazation.
Manual method of haemocytometer –neubaurchamber TLC, TRBC & Platelets Automated method- Semiautomated& Fully automated usually have a high level of precision. Romanowsky dyes-wright’s, Giemsa, Jenner &leishman’s stains.
Method of ESR estimation – westergren’s&wintrobe’s method |
Didactic
Student interactive session
Seminar
|
05hr |
|
Clinical Pathology
Normal urine- Physical and chemical properties.
Body fluid sample such as CSF, pleural fluid &Ascitic fluid –normal values.
Semen – Normal |
Describe Physical and chemical properties of urine, normal composition of CSF, pleural fluid and ascetic fluid and semen |
The topic should cover colour, appearance, order, specific gravity & volume of urine in physical properties,
Chemical test includes- Heat acetic acid test &eshbachalbinometer for protein detection, Benedict’s test for sugar detection, Rothera’s test for ketones detection, fouchet’s test for bile pigment detection, Hay’s suffer test for bile salt detection,
Semen analysis includes – normal sperm counts, morphology, motility, viability of sperms |
Didactic
Seminar
Group discussion
|
10hr |
|
Basic Transfusion medicine
History and discovery of blood group system. ABO and Rhesus blood group system. Other blood group system. |
Demonstrate type of blood group system and their significance |
The topic should cover discovery of blood groups, type of blood groups- ABO, Rh, duffy, Kell, lewis, Bombay blood group |
Didactic
Seminar |
10hr |
|
Histopathology
Grossing, Tissue Processing, Fixation, section cutting & staining with Haematoxylin& eosin with other special staining.
Biomedical waste management
|
Demonstrate various histo-techniques – grossing, tissue processing, fixation, staining with routine & special staining.
Perform Biomedical waste management
|
The topic should cover small & large specimen grossing, steps of tissue processing, different type of fixative( 40% formalin).
Routine staining- H&E, Special staining- PAS, Reticulin, MT, ZN staining. Methods of Biomedical waste management
|
Didactic
Student interactive session Group discussion
|
10hr |