BIOCHEMISTRY 3rd YEAR CURRICULUM
| Sl. No | Contents of the Topics | Learning Objectives (At the end of the training the student must be able to) | Teaching Guidelines | Methodology | Time (Hours) |
| 1 | Basic concept of metabolism and their applied aspects
|
Understand the concept of metabolism of different biomolecules & its associated disorders | · Overview of biochemistry of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
· Overview of metabolism of Carbohydrates ;like Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, HMP Shunt and TCA Cycle · Structure of hemoglobin · Diabetes Mellitus · Atherosclerosis · Myocardial infarction · Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome
|
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial |
25 |
| 2 | Basic Concepts of Hormones
|
Enumerate the hormonal action & its mechanisms in the body | • Classification of Hormones
• Mechanism of surface acting hormones and steroids hormones • Hormonal assessment in various endocrinal disorders
|
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial | 15 |
| 3 | Clinical Enzymology |
Understand the clinical importance of enzymes & its use is therapeutics |
• Clinical importance of Enzymes and Isoenzymes in pathological disorders | Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial |
10 |
| 4 | Immunoassay
|
Perform the most sensitive analyses in the field of biochemistry |
· Structure of Immunoglobulins
· ELISA · Immunoassay based analysis |
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial | 10 |
| 5 | Bio-Safety and Waste Disposal
|
Understand the nature of biohazards & biosafety | · Biohazards in biochemistry laboratory and methods to prevent them
· Proper disposal of biomedical wastes |
Lecture (using audio-visual aids) Demontration, Tutorial |
5 |
| 6 | Releasing biochemistry reports | Perform the final dispatching of clinical reports | · How to analyze and release final reports
· Precautions required before release of reports |
5 |
MICROBIOLOGY 3rd YEAR CURRICULUM
| Sl. No | Contents of the Topics | Learning Objectives
(At the end of the training the student must be able to) |
Teaching Guidelines | Methodology | Time (Total-70 hrs) |
| 1 | Immunology
Microbial pathogenicity Immunity: Innate immunity Acquired immunity(adaptive immunity) Active and passive immunity |
Reproduce what is Immunology, microbial pathogenicity; types of immunity which includes:
Innate immunity, Acquired immunity (adaptive immunity); Active and passive immunity which include: natural acquired, artificial acquired immunity, natural acquired passive immunity (breastfeeding), artificially acquired passive immunity |
Topic should cover aspects of Immunology, microbial pathogenicity; types of immunity which includes:
Innate immunity, Acquired immunity (adaptive immunity); Active and passive immunity which include: natural acquired, artificial acquired immunity, natural acquired passive immunity (breastfeeding), artificially acquired passive immunity. |
Video, student interaction, didactics | 4 |
| 2
|
Components of immune system :
Organs of immune system |
ReproduceComponents of immune system which includes the following:
Organs of immune system |
Topic should cover Components of immune system which includes the following:
Organs of immune system |
Clippings, presentation, seminar | 4 |
| B Lymphocytes and plasma cells
|
B Lymphocytes and plasma cells (general knowledge of their role), bursa of fabricus, stem cell differentiation, gut associated lymphoid tissues GALT | B Lymphocytes and plasma cells (general knowledge of their role), bursa of fabricus, stem cell differentiation, gut associated lymphoid tissues GALT | |||
| T lymphocytes and their subsets and Natural killer cells
Macrophages and dendritic cells
|
T lymphocytes and their subsets this includes: stem cell distribution (general information about its role), cytotoxic T cells, delayed type hypersensitivity (TD) cells, Helper T cells, Suppressor T cell, delayed type hypersensitivity cells
and Natural killer cells Macrophages and dendritic cells. |
T lymphocytes and their subsets this includes: stem cell distribution (general information about its role), cytotoxic T cells, delayed type hypersensitivity (TD) cells, Helper T cells, Suppressor T cell, delayed type hypersensitivity ells
and Natural killer cells Macrophages and dendritic cells. |
|||
| 3 | Immune response
Humoral immunity i) Cell-mediated immunity
|
Explain Immune response Which includes:
Humoral immunity: basic mechanism of humoral immunity. How humoral response eliminate antigen |
Topic should cover
Immune response Which includes: Humoral immunity: basic mechanism of humoral immunity. How humoral response eliminate antigen |
Video, presentation, students interaction | 2 |
| Cell-mediated immunity: general characteristic, recognition of self versus non-self, clonal selection theory B-ells, tolerance, clonal deletion, definition of specificity, cross reactions | Cell-mediated immunity: general characteristic, recognition of self versus non-self, clonal selection theory B-ells, tolerance, clonal deletion, definition of specificity, cross reactions | 2 | |||
| 4 | Types of hypersensitivity reactions
|
Demonstratetypes of hypersensitivity reactions | Topic should cover types of hypersensitivity reactions | Presentation. | 2 |
| 5 | Autoimmunity
|
Reproduce what is Autoimmunity and autoimmune disorders. | The topic covers Autoimmunity and autoimmune disorders. | Presentation, group discussion | 2 |
| 6 | Cytokines | Explain Cytokines and its role in immunity | Topic must coverCytokines and its role in immunity | Seminar, Presentation | 1 |
| 7 | Antigen &Antibody
Antigens Types of antibodies and classes of immunoglobulins
|
Reproduce
Antigen &Antibody Antigens: epitomes (antigenic determinants), haptens, no sequence of antibody binding, titer, antigen types, antigen sensitization, plasma ells. Types of antibodies and classes of immunoglobulins: properties of antibodies (immunoglobulin), light chains, heavy chains, constant and variable regions, antigen binding sites, Fab and F regions. Classes of immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, J chain, secretory piece, IgE, IgD, Antibody titer. Antigen antibody responses. |
Topic should cover
Antigen &Antibody Antigens: epitomes (antigenic determinants), haptens, no sequence of antibody binding, titer, antigen types, antigen sensitization, plasma ells. Types of antibodies and classes of immunoglobulins: properties of antibodies (immunoglobulin), light chains, heavy chains, constant and variable regions, antigen binding sites, Fab and F regions. Classes of immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, J chain, secretory piece, IgE, IgD, Antibody titer.
Antigen antibody responses. |
Tutorial, presentation, student interaction | 4 |
| 8 | Complement
|
After this teaching, students should be able to explain
Complement system, complement activation |
The topic covers students should be able to explain
Complement system, complement activation |
Tutorial | 2 |
| 9 | Types of antigen-antibody reactions
Precipitation, Agglutination Complement Fixation Test, Neutralization ELISA, Immunofluorescence ,Radioimmunoassay, Opsonisation |
Reproducetypes of antigen-antibody reactions which includes following
Precipitation, Agglutination Complement Fixation Test, Neutralization ELISA, Immunofluorescence ,Radioimmunoassay, Opsonisation |
Topic must cover
Types of antigen-antibody reactions which includes following Precipitation, Agglutination Complement Fixation Test, Neutralization ELISA, Immunofluorescence ,Radioimmunoassay, Opsonisation |
Seminar, problem based learning, students interaction | 4 |
| 10 | Monoclonal Antibodies | Reproducemonoclonal Antibodies which should include the following: production- hybridoma formation, cloning of cells. The uses of monoclonal antibodies as research tool, in diagnostic and therapies should also be explained. | Topic covers -monoclonal Antibodies which should include the following: production- hybridoma formation, cloning of cells. The uses of monoclonal antibodies as research tool, in diagnostic and therapies should also be explained. | Video, students seminar | 2 |
| 11 | Transplantation immunology and HLA typing | Reproduce
Transplantation immunology and HLA typing |
Student should cover
Transplantation immunology and HLA typing |
Seminar, presentation | 3 |
| 12 | Systematic Bacteriology
Classification, Morphology, Genotypic &Phenotypic characteristics, Pathogenesis Disease caused, Lab Diagnosis &Prophylaxis of Rare pathogens
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, Actinomycosis&Nocordia Rickettsia |
Reproduce
Systematic Bacteriology Which includes Classification, Morphology, Genotypic &Phenotypic characteristics, Pathogenesis, Disease caused, Lab Diagnosis &Prophylaxis of Rare pathogens Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, Actinomycosis&Nocordia Rickettsia |
Topic covers Classification, Morphology, Genotypic &Phenotypic characteristics, Pathogenesis, Disease caused, Lab Diagnosis &Prophylaxis of Rare pathogens
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, Actinomycosis&Nocordia Rickettsia |
Problem based learning, didactics, video | 7 |
| 13 | Applied Microbiology
Bacteriology of Water, Milk, and Air
Laboratory Diagnosis of – Urinary Tract Infections Diarrhea & Dysentery Meningitis Blood stream infection Respiratory infection – Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Viral hepatitis HIV Skin, soft tissue & wound infection
|
Perform Bacteriology of Water, Milk, and Air
2. Laboratory Diagnosis of – Urinary Tract Infections Diarrhea & Dysentery Meningitis Blood stream infection Respiratory infection Sexually Transmitted Diseases Viral hepatitis HIV Skin, soft tissue & wound infection |
Topic should cover
Bacteriology of Water, Milk, and Air 2. Laboratory Diagnosis of \ Urinary Tract Infections Diarrhea & Dysentery Meningitis Blood stream infection Respiratory infection Sexually Transmitted Diseases Viral hepatitis HIV Skin, soft tissue & wound infection
|
Problem based learning, students interaction, group discussion | 10 |
| 14 | Molecular techniques in diagnostic microbiology-PCR, DNA hybridization etc
|
Demonstrate Molecular techniques in diagnostic microbiology-PCR, DNA hybridization etc
|
Topic should include Molecular techniques in diagnostic microbiology-PCR, DNA hybridization etc
|
Clipping, presentation | 5 |
| 15 | Biomedical waste management
|
Perform Biomedical waste management | Topic cover Biomedical waste managemen
|
Problem based learning, group discussion | 2 |
| 16 | Biosafety levels and biosafety cabinets
|
Demonstrate Biosafety levels and biosafety cabinets (structure and principle) | Topic should cover Biosafety levels and biosafety cabinets (structure and principle)
|
Problem based learning, student interaction, video | 2 |
| 17 | Health care associated infections
|
Explain Health care associated infections which includes blood borne, airborne, personal hygiene and sanitation | The topic covers Health care associated infections which includes blood borne, airborne, personal hygiene and sanitation
|
Problem based learning, student interaction, video | 4 |
| 18 | Universal Precautions
|
Demonstrate Universal Precautions implied in hospital and labs. | Topic must cover Universal Precautions implied in hospital and labs. | Problem based learning, student interaction, video | 1 |
| 17 | Occupationally acquired infections in health care settings
|
Explain Occupationally acquired infections in health care settings like AIDS, Hepatitis B, Urinary tract infections, Fecal oral route infections, tuberculosis or respiratory tract infections. | Topic should cover Occupationally acquired infections in health care settings like AIDS, Hepatitis B, Urinary tract infections, Fecal oral route infections, tuberculosis or respiratory tract infections. | Students interaction, tutorial, group discussion | 4 |
| 18 | Vaccination for health care personnel | Reproduce the Vaccination requirement and schedule for health care personnel | Topic should coverVaccination requirement and schedule for health care personnel
|
Presentation, didactics | 2 |
| 19 | Maintenance of laboratory records, Audit
|
Perform Maintenance of laboratory records, Audit
|
Topic should cover Maintenance of laboratory records, Audit
|
Problem based learning | 1 |
PATHOLOGY 3rd YEAR CURRICULUM
| Sl. No | Contents of the Topics | Learning Objectives
(At the end of the training the student must be able to) |
Teaching Guidelines | Methodology | Time |
| APPLIED HISTOLOGY
Handling of fresh histological specimens (Tissues). Lipids-identification and demonstration. Micro-organism in the tissues-various staining, techniques for their demonstration and identification.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-common antigens and their applications.
Electron microscope, working principles, components and allied techniques for electron microscopy.
Museum techniques.
|
Demonstrate and perform– Handling of fresh histological specimens in the form of proper documentation, fix the specimen in 40% formalin or keep in refrigerator if no fixative available, preserve specimen as test required. Tissue processing & handling their equipments
They should be able to demonstrate & know principle of IHC and their applications. They also know type of Electron microscope, working principles, components. They also demonstrate specimen mounting, proper fixation &proper labelling in museum techniques |
The topic should cover-Techniques of specimen fixation for light microscopic examination in formalin, for immunofluorescence microscopic immediate snap freezing & for electron microscopy fix in 2% glutaraldehyde,
Tissue processing including – serially formalin-acetone-xyline –paraffin , block making, cutting, routine & special staining method. It should cover method of IHC, adequate dilution of antibodies & application these antibodies. It also covers detailed structure & working principle of Transmission &scanning electron microscope. Mounting techniques of specimens |
Student interactive session
Didactic
Seminar
|
10hr |
|
| Cytology
Cervical cytology:- Basis of detection of malignant & premalignant lesion.
Aspiration cytology:- Principles, indications and utility of the techniques
Staining:- Pap stain, H&E stain & Giemsa stain. Cytology of various body fluids.
|
Demonstrate and perform-procedure of Pap’s smear staining & able identified benign & malignant cells Demonstrate-significance & principle aspiration cytology |
The topic should cover- method of pap’s staining, morphological features of benign & malignant cells The topic should cover- methods FNAC, it’s indications and it’s applications. It also cover processing of fluid cytology pleural, peritoneal & pericardial fluid and their staining MGG, Gimsa, H&E, Pap’s |
Didactic
Group discussion
Seminar
|
12hr |
|
| Cytogenetics
Introduction, terminology, classification & nomenclature.
Blood groups:- Types & Bombay blood groups. Sex chromatin & identification
Chromosomes in neoplasia & oncogenes/anti-oncogenes.
Culture of bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Characterization of human chromosome by various banding techniques |
Demonstrate & know-about cytogenetics, classification, nomenclature & significance of it. They also know & demonstrate types of blood groups, Bombay blood groups, Sex chromatin & identification , oncogenes, chromosomal anomalies, Culture of bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes & application various cytogenetic techniques |
The topic should cover- Definition & techniques ( PCR, FISH, In situ hybridization) of cytogenetics
Also covers different blood group system and chromosomal anomalies( BBCR-ABL, PML-RARA), chromosomal translocations & mutations, various stem cell ( bone marrow, peripheral blood, adipose tissue) purification and their cultures. Various banding techniques for chromosome identification – G banding, Q banding |
Didactic
Group discussion
Seminar |
12hr |
|
| Immunopathology
Cells of the immune system. Immunoglobulins, antibodies and humoral immune response.
Auto immune disease & investigation.
Infection and the immune system
Cancer immunology
Tissue typing for kidney transplant.
HLA Antigen
Various grafts & graft versus host disease (GVHD). Monoclonal antibodies.
|
Demonstrate & know- Cells of the immune system and their functions, cellular & humoral immunity, their mechanism of actions and complications. Demonstrate autoimmunity & their mechanism, related disease, Infection and their immune response, Cancer immunology (Selective outgrowth of antigen-negative variants,Lack of costimulation,Immunosuppression,Antigen masking,Loss or reduced expression of MHC molecules) Demonstrate– types of HLA Antigen ( Class-I & Class-II, Class-III), HLA typing, their significance & their reactions GVHD & HGVD in kidney transplant, Monoclonal antibodies.
|
The topic should cover- Cells of the immune system (natural killer, neutrophils macrophages, epithelial cells,dendriticcells,langhans cells, T&Blymphocytes),Immunoglobulins(IgG, IgA, IgE,IgGD).
It also cover- Auto- immune disease( SLE, RA, Sjögren’s syndrome , Type 1 Diamelitus), their investigations (ANA, Anti DS-DNA, Anti-RNA, Anti-histone), Infections – HIV, infective endocarditic, SABE, PIGN causes immune response in body. It also cover- The cellular & humoralrejection mechanism in kidney transplants, clinical manifestations, pathological findings of both type rejections, GVHD, investigations for immunological reactions |
Didactic
Seminar
Group discussion
|
12hr |
|
| Haematology
Definition and classification of hemolytic anaemias :- Sickle cell anemia & Thalassemia.
Laboratory investigation for haemolyticanaemia including classification & causes.
Leukaemia’s; definition and classification
Laboratory investigations for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Hemophilia Mechanism of fibrinolysis; tests for fibrinolysis. Platelet function test and their interpretation.
Electrophoresis :- Principles and application in hematology
|
Demonstrate & know- pathogenesis, etiology & clinical features of hemolytic anaemias :- Sickle cell anemia & Thalassemia
They also demonstrate lab investigations & classification of haemolyticanaemia Demonstrate-definition and classification of leukaemia’s, their clinical features. Laboratory investigations for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Hemophilia Mechanism of fibrinolysis; tests for fibrinolysis. Platelet function test and their interpretation. Demonstrate-Principles and application in hematology of Hb electrophoresis |
The topic should cover- pathological findings of the( Bone marrow & PBF) hemolytic anaemias, Sickle cell anemia & Thalassemia ( types of thalassemia-major, minor, intermediate), Laboratory investigation of haemolyticanaemia- fragmented cells in PBF, increased LDH, increase bilirubin, low Hb. It also cover – type of leukaemia’s (Acute & chronic), their pathological findings, It should cover- increase fibrin degraded products, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, Bleeding manifestations, Their pathological findings and clinical manifestations It also cover- methods & type of Hbelecrophosis( Acetic acid, Citrate agar,) HPLC |
Didactic
Group discussion
Seminar |
12hr |
|
| Transfusion medicine & blood banking
Blood groups:- Types & Bombay blood group Blood donor selection.
Methods of bleeding donors.
Blood containers, anticoagulants and storage of blood.
Coomb’s test and its significance.
Screening of blood for infective material Blood components, preparation & component therapy.
Transfusion reactions and work up
Blood bank organization, standards, procedures, techniques and quality control.
HLA Antigens
|
At the end of this teaching the students should be able to demonstrate- :- Types & Bombay blood group, their significance
Blood donor selection criteria according NACO guidelines, methods of bleeding donors and related complications, Use of different blood containers, anticoagulants and storage of blood. Screening of blood for infective material by testing standrizations Blood components, preparation & component therapy. They should able to demonstrate Blood bank organization, standards, procedures, techniques and quality control and HLA typing , Compatibility & incompatibility of tests in blood transfusion, complications of blood transfusion and laboratory investigation of transfusion reactions, & mismatched |
The topic should cover-
ABO, RH, Kell, Duffy blood group systems, Methods of cross matching, Blood component, transfusion reactions (immune mediated & nonimmune type reactions) and immediate type & delayed type reactions, other complications –iron overload, hyper & hypo potassium, fluid overload. Laboratory investigations included ICT, DCT, microbiological, PBF for hemolysis, LDH, bilirubin, urine blood testing. Procedure of PRC, FFP, PRP, SDP preparations. |
Didactic
Group discussion
Seminar
Student interactive session |
12hr |