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Curriculum | Bachelor of Optometry | First Year

Curriculum | Bachelor of Optometry | First Year

Paper-1 GENERAL ANATOMY & GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

80 hours

Topic	Learning outcomes [At the end of the session student should be able to]	Teaching Guidelines	Teaching Methods	Hours
Introduction to human body	Reproduce briefly about different parts of human body and cell structure	Introduction to Anatomy, terms and terminology. Regions of Body, Cavities and systems. Cell and various types of tissue of the body, Epithelium and glands of body with examples	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	6 hours
Embryology and development	Enumerate different stages of development of fetus from zygot.	Spermatogenesis, oogenesis, Ovulation, Fertilization, Placenta	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	6 hours
Skeletal system of Human body	Describe different parts of skeletal system	Bone, Cartilage, Joints, Tendons, Muscles of the body, Nerve muscle junction	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	8 hours
Circulatory System	Enumerate different parts of circulatory system and their functioning	Heart, Pericardium, Cardiac cycle, Heart sounds, Blood pressure, ECG, The Blood-RBC, WBC, Platelets, Plasma, Haemoglobin, Blood groups, Rh system, Blood donation, Main arteries and veins of the body & Lymphatic system	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	10 hours
Digestive system	Enumerate different parts of digestive system and juices secreted	Parts of gastro intestinal tract, Liver, The Gall bladder, Pancreas & Spleen, Peritoneum and functions of each part	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	8 hours
Respiratory system	Enumerate different parts of respiratory system and their functioning	Airway, Lungs, Thoracic cavity, Nose and para-nasal sinuses. Physiology of respiration, exchange of gases between lungs and blood.	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	6 hours
Endocrine Organs of body	Reproduce different glands of endocrine system and their functions	Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Adrenal glands, Diabetes mellitus. Functions of hormones secreted by different glands of body	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	6 hours
Excretory System	Enumerate different parts of excretory system and their functions	Kidney, ureter, gall bladder, urethra-Physiology of urine formation	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	6 hours
Reproductive system	Reproduce different parts of male and female reproductive system and their functions	Male and female reproductive organs, Mammary glands, Male and female hormones, Menstrual cycle	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	8 hours
Central Nervous System	Reproduce different parts of CNS and their functions	Brain & Cranial Nerves, Spinal Cord and peripheral nerves, Autonomic nervous system, Functions of different parts of nervous system, Neuron, Synapse, Reflex action, Transmission of nerve impulse, EEG, Cerebro spinal fluid	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	10 hours
Sensory organs	Enumerate different sensory organs and their functions	Skin, Ear, Eye, Nose, Tongue	Didactic lectures using power point presentations Demonstrations Group discussions Tutorials	6 hours

Paper-2 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology

60 hours

S. No	Contents of the Topic	Learning Objectives [At the end of the training students should be able to]	Teaching Guidelines	Teaching Methodology	Time
1	Embryology of the eye in general	Enumerate the stages of eyeball formation	Discuss in brief different stages of formation of eyeball	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	6 hours
2	Different parts of eyeball and their functions	Enumerate parts of eyeball and their functions	Functions of Eyelids, Anterior segment of eyeball, posterior segment of eyeball, Optic nerve	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	6 hours
3	Anatomy of Orbit	Enumerate the anatomy of orbit	its immediate relations, walls of orbit, fissures and foramina, anatomical spaces of orbit	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	4 hours
4	Lids and eye lid glands	Enumerate anatomy of eyelid and its glands	Layers of eyelid, Meibomian glands	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	4 hours
5	Conjunctiva. Cornea and Sclera	Enumerate the anatomy of conjunctiva, cornea and sclera	Layers, functions, Why cornea is transparent	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	4 hours
6	Uveal tissue, Pupil, AC	Enumerate the anatomy and physiology of iris, ciliary body, choroid, pupil and AC	Layers, functions, Formation and drainage of aqueous humour	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	4 hours
7	Lens and Vitreous	Enumerate the anatomy of lens and vitreous	Structure of lens and vitreous, primary vitreous, secondary vitreous	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	4 hours
8	Retina, Optic nerve	Enumerate the anatomy of retina and optic nerve	Layers of retina, parts of optic nerve, blood supply, regeneration of optic nerve, is optic nerve a true nerve	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	2 hours
9	Ocular Muscles and movements of eyeball	Enumerate the anatomy of ocular muscles and movements	Intra ocular and extra-ocular muscles of eyeball and muscles of eyelids, their actions, nerve supply Ductions, Versions, vergences	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	4 hours
10	Neurophysiology of eyeball	Enumerate the anatomy of Visual pathway Pupillary reflexes Autonomic nervous system of eyeball	Visual acuity and form sense Visual pathway, Pupillary reflexes—Light reflex, near reflex, psychosensory reflex Color vision, night vision, visual fields, BSV, IOP Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in relation to eyeball. Vascular supply of eyeball	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	10 hours
11	Lacrimal apparatus	Enumerate the anatomy of lacrimal apparatus	Lacrimal Puncta, canaliculi, sac, NLD	Didactic lectures [PPP] Charts Seminars	2

Ocular Pathology
First year

Theory -60 hours

practical -40 hours

S.N	Content of the Topic	Learning Objective [At the end of the program student should be able to]	Teaching Guidelines	Methodology	Lecture hours
1	HAEMATOLOGY	Demonstrate fundamental knowledge and insight into general pathology and General medical disorder and how they can affect the eye.	Blood Cells and blood collection techniques Haemoglobin estimation Total leucocyte count Differential leucocyte count Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Peripheral blood film – staining, significance of a peripheral smear Bleeding time, clotting time	PowerPoint presentation Show video and pictures Topic notes and articles to students Group discussion Tutorial classes	20 hours
2	CLINICAL PATHOLOGY	Demonstrate fundamental knowledge and insight into general pathology and General medical disorder and how they can affect the eye.	Urine collection methods Physical Examination of Urine Chemical Examination of Urine Microscopic Examination of Urine	PowerPoint presentation Topic notes and articles to students Group discussion Tutorial classes	20 hours
3	HISTOPATHOLOGY	Demonstrate fundamental knowledge and insight into general pathology and General medical disorder and how they can affect the eye.	Grossing of tissue Tissue processing Fixation of tissue Section cutting Staining – Hematoxylin&Cosin and Special Stains	PowerPoint presentation Topic notes and articles to students Group discussion Tutorial classes	20 hours

Paper-4 OCULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Theory: 60 Hours

S.no	Contents	Learning objectives (At the end of session, the student should be able to)	Teaching Guidelines (To Cover)	Methodology	Time
1.	Introduction to Microbiology and Classification	Explain briefly the classification of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Learn basic staining techniques, principle and procedure and interpretation with example	Classification of Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi. Structure of bacteria, shapes of Bacteria. Staining- Gram, ZN, Capsule staining.	Oral explanation using PowerPoint presentation. Tutorials	7hr
2.	Gram Positive Bacteria	Develop very basic understanding of Gram positive cocci and bacilli of ocular importance.	Very Brief description about Gram positive Cocci and Bacilli (Not more than 1-2 paragraphs) Cocci Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococci Bacilli Corynebacterium,Bacillus-( B.anthracis, B.cereus). Mycobacteria, Actinomyces Nocardia	Oral explanation using PowerPoint presentation. Tutorials	10hr
3.	Gram Negative Bacteria	Develop basic understanding of Gram negative cocci and bacilli of ocular importance.	Very Brief description about Gram negative Cocci and Bacilli (Not more than 1-2 paragraphs) Cocci—Gonococci, Meningococci. Acinetobacter Moraxella lacunata Bacilli —Pseudomonas Haemophilus, Acinetobactor Enterobacteriaceae, Brucella Spirochetes (Treponema)	Oral explanation using PowerPoint presentation. Tutorials	10hr
4.	Fungi- saprophyticand pathogenic	Develop elementary knowledge of classification of fungi and brief description of fungi of ocular importance.	Morphological Classification of fungi, Fungi of ocular importance- Brief description about Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Candia, Coccidioides, Dermatophytes, Histoplasma,	Oral explanation using PowerPoint presentation. Tutorials	9hr
5.	Virus	Develop basic knowledge of morphology, classification of viruses. Brief description of Herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, Human immunodeficiency viruses.	Elementary Knowledge of Morphology, Classification of viruses on the basis of presence of nucleic acid. Herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, Human immunodeficiencyviruses.	Oral explanation using PowerPoint presentation. Tutorials	9hr
6.	Aseptic Techniques	Gain elementary idea about Sterilization methods	Define Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antiseptics. Enumerate and explain Physical Methods of Sterilization Chemical Methods of Sterilization	Oral explanation using PowerPoint presentation. Tutorials	9hr
7.	Chlamydia and parasites	Develop very basic knowledge about parasites of ocular importance and chlamydia.	Classification of ocular parasites, brief description of parasites of ocular importance. A very brief description about chlamydia.	Oral explanation using PowerPoint presentation. Tutorials	6hr

Paper-5 Ocular Biochemistry

Theory -60 hours

S.N	Contents of the Topics	Learning Objective [At the end of the program student should be able to]	Teaching Guidelines	Teaching methodology	Lecture hours
1	Introduction to various biochemical test	Basic knowledge about bio-chemical tests	How to do, clinical significance of KFT-Blood urea, Serum Creatinine, S electrolytes LFT SGOT, SGPT, S Alkaline phosphatase S lipid profile	PowerPoint presentation Tutorials Seminars	8 hours
2	Tear film and pH	Reproduce the formation and clinical significance of tear film	Formation of tears, Basic and reflex tear secretion, Layers of tear film pH of tears and significance	PowerPoint presentation Tutorials Seminars	8 hours
3	General Introduction to metabolic processes affecting the eye	Enumerate metabolism of eyeball	Glycolysis HMP shunt Krebs cycle Sorbitol pathway	PowerPoint presentation Tutorials Seminars	4 hours
4	Rhodopsin cycle	Enumerate electrochemical changes involved in the process of seeing	Photopigment- Rhodopsin &Iodopin. Chemical nature of Rhodopsin, Visual cycle	PowerPoint presentation Tutorials Seminars	6 hours
5	Aqueous and Vitreous humours	Enumerate brief knowledge of aq. and vit. humor	Formation and drainage of aqueous humour, its composition, functions Primary and secondary vitreous humour	PowerPoint presentation Tutorials Seminars	8 hours
6	Metabolism of lens and cornea	Enumerate metabolism of lens and cornea	Biochemical composition of cornea and lens Source of nutrients-oxygen, Glucose, Amino acid lens protein- their types & characteristics. Cataract – Due to biochemical defect of lens. Antioxidant mechanism in the lens.	PowerPoint presentation Tutorials Seminars	6 hours

Paper-6 Physical and Geometrical Optics
Theory- 70 hours

S. No	Topic	Learning Objective [At the end of the program student should be able to]	Teaching Guidelines	Teaching Methodology	Hours
1	Elementary basis of light	Enumerate the brief idea about Refraction, Reflection, Interference, diffraction, polarization, spectrum of light, Law of inverse square	Basic understanding of refraction, reflection, diffraction, polarization, interference, law of inverse square giving examples from day to day life.	Didactic lectures through power point presentations Seminars	12 hours
2	Types of Lenses-	Explain characteristics of diff. types of lenses	Explain differences between diff. types of lensesConvex, Concave, Spherical, Cylindrical &Toric., Aspheric surfaces Brief idea about thin Lens equation, thick lens equation, Front and back vertex power, Determination of focal length & dioptric power of lens	Didactic lectures through power point presentations Seminars Tutorials	12 hours
3	Aberrations of lenses and eyeball	Explain about different types of aberrations	Brief description about diff types of aberrations, how to reduce aberrations in lenses and how nature has tried to reduce aberrations in eyeball	Didactic lectures through power point presentations Seminars Tutorials	4 hours
4	Prisms	Enumerate uses and measurement of power of prism	Brief description about Definition, uses, nomenclature, How to detect and measure power of a prism, Compounding and resolving prism powers	Didactic lectures through power point presentations Seminars Tutorials	4 hours
5	Strum’s Conoid	Enumerate definition, ray diagram	Explain clinical significance and relate with diff. types of astigmatisms	Didactic lectures [PPP]	2 hours
6	How to check power of unknown lens	Demonstrate neutralization of lenses	Basic concepts about Image formation by convex and concave lenses, Notations of lens, Combination of lens	Didactic lectures through power point presentations Demonstrations	12 hours
7	Effectivity of lens	Reproduce back vertex power, Gauss theorem	Brief description of Gauss theorem, BVD	Didactic lectures [PPP] Seminars Tutorials	3 hours
8	Focimeter	Demonstrate working of focimeter	Principle, Uses, Advantages, Sources of error, Optical Centre & Axis Marking by focimeter	Didactic lectures [PPP] Demonstrations	6 hours
9	Simple &Toric transposition	Solve problems related to simple and toric transpositions	Solve problems related to simple and toric transpositions, Significance of transposition	Didactic lectures [PPP] Tutorial Student seminar	12 hours
10	Prismatic effect &Decentration, Prentice rule	Enumerate prismatic effect in a spectacle lens	How to introduce prismatic effect in a spectacle lens, Prentice rule	Didactic lectures [PPP] Demonstrations	3 hours

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